Agenda for Scrutiny Panel on Bullying in Schools on Monday, 1st July, 2013, 4.00pm
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Agenda and draft minutes
PDF 177 KBVenue: Council Chamber, Hove Town Hall. View directions
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Procedural business Minutes: 6.1 There were no declarations of interest and no declarations of party whip. Substitutes are not allowed on scrutiny panels. |
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Minutes of meeting held on 13 June 2013 Minutes: 7.1 The minutes of the Panel meeting held on 13 June were agreed. |
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Chair's Communications Minutes: 8.1 Councillor Ruth Buckley, Chair of the Scrutiny Panel, welcomed everyone and reminded the meeting that the third and final meeting planned for 11 July was being postponed until a new date in September, to be agreed.
8.2 The Chair said the scrutiny panel was set up by Health and Wellbeing Overview and Scrutiny Committee after a request from Councillor Wealls.
8.3 At the end of the evidence gathering meetings the panel would agree draft recommendations. Final approval of the report will be required by the Health and Wellbeing Overview and Scrutiny Committee. The final scrutiny report will then go to decision-makers and on to Full Council.
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Information from Witnesses To hear from witnesses:
Carlton Hill School: Head Teacher Louise Willard and Healthy School/PHSE Lead Teacher, Isabel Reid
Youth Council: Representative
AHA SEN children and young people support group: Ruth Hilton
Children and Young People’s Strategic Commissioner: Alison Nuttall
ICT Support for Schools/ ICT Consultant: Paul Platts
Minutes: 9.1 Carlton Hill Primary School
9.2 Carlton Hill Primary school’s Headteacher Louise Willard (LW) and Healthy Schools/PSHE Lead Teacher Isabel Reid (IR) set out the school’s approach to anti-bullying. They said it was important to have a clear shared language understood by adults and children especially on different kinds of bullying and ways to respond.
9.3 The school promotes good behaviour using ‘Golden Rules’ in which children are entitled to ‘Golden Time,’ that formed part of the whole school behaviour system. Anti-bullying is an important part of this, being shared in assembly and involving staff training, teaching children a script to help establish assertiveness, PSHE themes and including ‘bubble time,’ for a child needing to speak to an adult that day.
9.4 Anti-bullying had a higher profile in the Autumn term with more training prior to anti-bullying week, re-visiting the school definition of bullying, and sending home bullying definitions, scripts and responses. The school acted on feedback from the Safe and Well at School Survey (SAWSS) data, though numbers of cases of bullying in the school were relatively low.
9.5 Any behaviour incidents could be put on record and bullying can be highlighted on the form. The School Behaviour Policy and incident record blank forms were tabled.
9.6 In reply to questions..
Children can become a target of bullying because of real or perceived differences or poor social or communication skills; we can counteract this by actively celebrating the fact that we are all very different in family, skills and ability. This is reflected in the school motto – that ‘fair’ means everyone gets what they need, not that everyone gets the same.
9.7 Children who bully might do it because they might feel different, or have their own unhappiness outside of school. eg domestic violence can lead to bullying or aggressive behaviour. Being a target of bullying in the past can lead to bullying behaviour towards others.
9.8 A consistent approach is key, shared language and shared responses from all in the school community. This depends on good staff training and a clear understanding by all. We have a ‘listening culture’ so that children know who to talk to and to make sure that they are believed.
9.9 Vulnerable groups can be minority groups, who may have feelings of ‘unjustness,’ or where children may have behaved unfairly to one another. That is why staff remind children of people’s different needs. A good relationship with parents is important, informing them what has happened, working as a team and drawing up an action plan together where necessary.
9.10 An example of bullying that is not always easy for adults to notice is; a year 5 child with health issues, perceived by some in the class to be receiving preferential treatment, being called names and excluded from events.
9.11 Schools can make referrals to the Behaviour Inclusion Learning Team (BILT) for in-school support.
9.12 Cyberbullying does not happen directly in the school, however some parents are anxious and angry about cyberbullying and those issues spill into school. At present this is an issue for parents but as we see younger and younger children using facebook we do expect this problem to grow in primary schools. Cybersafety and internet safety is included in Key Stage 2 PSHE lessons. Training for staff is really important. There is a need to communicate to parents about cyberbullying.
9.13 Children know the consequences of being bullies in the Golden Time system. There are rewards for good behaviour but there are also sanctions for persistent bullying behaviour, such as denying access to the playground. Perpetrators are supported with a behaviour plan often involving parents. We have to focus on finding solutions eg by mentoring and supporting friendships as we cannot always split up children into different classes.
9.14 Rates of bullying have dropped in recent years. From our monitoring we can tell if any classes have particular bullying problems. Exclusion is very rare and always involves behaviour other than bullying. We know the children and we work to support them over a long time, sometimes involving outside agencies, signposting parents, setting up an assessment framework.
9.15 The transition year is handled very carefully including visits and a picnic. We belong to the local network of schools, the City Centre Partnership. We always flag up vulnerable pupils because in the larger secondary school they can become more vulnerable eg they can’t have the same level of knowing the adults in the school.
9.16 With regard to possible gaps in anti-bullying in schools in Brighton & Hove:
If a school is unsure how to respond, the Healthy Schools team provides active and positive help in dealing with challenging issues. This has worked well.
It’s important to develop and maintain a ‘whole-school’ approach; not all schools have this. PSHE network meetings are very important to local schools. Teachers need easy opportunities to meet each other and share anti-bullying practice.. The Autumn Anti-Bullying network meeting is key here.
The citywide SAWSS survey is a good reflection on what goes on in schools. We make sure KS2 pupils understand the survey and encourage them to answer truthfully. The SAWSS data shows trends within a school and can be used to inform further anti-bullying work.
Answering an additional Panel question, LW and IR gave the following information after the meeting, from a governor at Carlton Hill Primary School, who has long-standing experience of working in a crèche…
"The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) is the time for 'groundwork', setting the foundations for attitudes to difference, identifying potential vulnerabilities and giving the children the tools and language to express how they feel.
The children need to be taught to recognise when they feel unsafe and to develop a range of strategies for dealing with this.
Learning and practising good listening and 'sharing' skills is key to the development of empathy, understanding and the ability to speak out.
Some key points for primary school staff :-
1.Making and maintaining good links with community nurseries, nursery schools and classes and childrens centres and ensuring a focus on any individual needs/ potential vulnerabilities at the point of transition.
2.Building a culture of parental involvment which celebrates diversity openly.
3.Regular use of circle time and small group work to reinforce all of the above. For example, using Persona Dolls to talk with the children about different types of people or situations; using a 'Talking Stick / stone' to emphasise turntaking and listening skills.
4.Accessing resources from specialist agencies with
particular focus on these areas of work. e.g. Safety Net for using
Protective Behaviours and other safety strategies with children in
the EYFS; the Early Childhood Project for books, display materials
suitable for work with young children on anti bias / anti bullying
themes and info / resources suitable for parents and
staff." 9.17 Member of Youth Council A student and Member of the Youth Council (MYC) spoke to the Panel about her own and her friends’ experiences of being bullied.
9.18 In Year 7 MYC had her school bag hidden, her belongings pushed on the floor, was pushed over and then called a cry-baby. Her tutor noticed she had been crying, spoke to the bully who was placed in exclusion for a few days. The bullying continued but MYC did not report it again, as she thought it was being dealt with.
9.19 In Year 4 MYC told her tutor that she was being bullied but MYC was made to think that she, not the bully, needed to change.
9.20 MYC’s friend who has red hair, was bullied and she reported the matter. The boy was excluded for some days but her friends ganged up on her saying ‘why did you snitch?’
9.21 Another friend on the autistic spectrum and with attention deficit hyperactive disorder was bullied and someone else tried to step in. However that person was criticised for ‘having a go’ at the bully. Sometimes stepping in can lead to more bullying.
9.22 Another friend was followed home from school, insulted and pushed into traffic. MYC thought this should be reported to the school but it was not. Another friend was bullied socially, verbally and physically. MYC used to walk home with her to ensure she was safe but the friend ended up moving school because her safety in school was at risk. The bully remained at the school.
9.23 MYC said students did not know how to report and respond to bullying behaviours. Students did not know - should they or should they not report an incident?
9.24 Asked what can be done to reduce bullying, MYC felt that bullying couldn’t be stopped entirely. However students ought to know that something can be done about bullying, and how to do it.
9.25 MYC told the Panel that there needed to be a proper check that a bullying experience had been dealt with. Sanctions ought to be monitored to check that they actually work. People needed to be clear when ‘banter’ between friends becomes bullying.
9.26 Cyberbullying is a particular problem because bullying can start on-line eg by texting and that can get transferred into real life.
9.27 Young people should make sure that friends are really treating you as a friend and if not, that needs to be talked about more openly… although it’s not a good idea to call someone a bully in front of the whole class as that can encourage the perpetrator to do more bullying.
9.28 MYC advice to someone who has been bullied or who has seen bullying is; not to just walk away; not to cry; be supportive, especially at a time of other stresses eg exams; be a friend.
9.29 MYC said the feelings of the victims had to be taken into account otherwise it can be counterproductive and the victim is made to feel worse. Teachers should use their authority to help students work through bullying issues and not just impose their own solutions on the students involved.
9.30 Answering questions:
Bullying takes place in classrooms as well as elsewhere. It would be better if I were not sitting near to the person who bullied me but in fact one teacher did place me right next to the bully. 9.31 Yes, I was a victim of cyberbullying. That was in Year 7 and my parents dealt with it.
9.32 We know that there is a school policy on bullying. We know we should report to an adult but we don’t know who and there doesn’t seem to be a good way to tackle bullying. I would say there is a general ambivalence about the policy. You can easily get laughed down if you try to use it.
9.33 There is little information on what will happen if we report bullying. If I am bullied again now, I think I would like to talk about it. But I don’t know whether to go to my form teacher, to another trusted teacher, or someone else. There isn’t an easy way to say to anyone ‘I am being bullied.’
9.34 Some teachers do notice the behaviour of students. But you can’t blame teachers because bullies hide what they are doing. know teachers want to stop bullying – they do try to do that by using their best judgement at the time.
9.35 If I were to be bullied outside of school I wouldn’t know who to report it to. I would ‘write it off.’
9.36 The Chair Councillor Ruth Buckley thanked MYC for taking the scrutiny panel into her confidence and for her honest and insightful presentation.
9.37 ICT Support for Schools
9.38 ICT support for School Paul Platts (PP) told the Panel he was formerly a full-time teacher and now undertakes computer safety training. PP is Child Exploitation and Online Protection agency (CEOP) trained. He provides training mostly to staff; also to parents.
9.39 E-safety had not been a huge issue in schools until the advent of social media. It then did become a concern where children were using home computers. Now social networking problems including cyberbullying for children and young people are becoming more prevalent both outside and inside schools - to the extent that schools are forced to deal with cyberbullying issues that happen outside school.
9.40 Cyberbullying could be equally if not more harmful to childrens’ well-being and was no different from bullying, other than it is done electronically and has a much greater audience. It was easy to do and hard to block. Some students who do not normally bully, do cyberbully. He said children can experience a behaviour change when on-line, and the attitude of some parents can make matters worse.
9.41 A national survey had shown that nearly 2/3 of primary age schoolchildren would say a horrible thing on-line. PP’s role was to train teachers on computer safety in secondary, primary and special schools. A little training for students was done via the PHSE curriculum and PP had attended assemblies with PCSOs. 9.42 PP said parents can get ‘freaked out’ by the technical side of the internet. He provided training sessions for parents to cover the technical issues, warning signs to look out for, how children become on-line bullies. There were very good resources available for parents, suitable for students of different ages. But despite testing different start-times, numbers of parents attending the sessions had been minimal.
9.43 PP said that his role tended to be reactive. He was working in schools together with UK Safer Internet Centre to provide safeguarding sessions and explained some actions that schools can take eg having items removed from Facebook.
9.44 ‘Rather than schools only trying to block access and provide ‘clinical’ on-line environments, I’m sure education and awareness are the best solutions we have; I’d like to do more,’ he said. ‘I’d like all schools to have more of an ’open access’ policy and to monitor more closely any use of the computer.’
9.45 Some secondary schools were now using computer monitoring and PP hoped all others would too. PP was currently replacing filtering software in schools and undertaking an audit of the e-safety policies of all primary and secondary schools. Further teacher training was being done alongside this.
9.46 Answering questions:
PP did not generally work with younger people.
Internet safety is generally improving and some schools are really working hard to educate their students on the issues. CEOP was promoting the use of an ‘abuse’ warning button – the CEOP button is not blocked in schools. Some Panel members asked if governors could take more of a role in promoting suitable services/resources.
9.47 AHA Support Group
9.48 Ruth Hilton (RH) who runs the AHA support group for SEN children and young people, spoke to the panel based on her experience in consulting with students with disabilities, plus her work in local schools and speaking to students and staff from these and other local schools.
9.49 RH said: There has been a radical change of attitude towards bullying among local schools since I became an Advisory Teacher at the beginning of 1990 when the prevalent and consistent stance was ‘there is no bullying in this school’.
9.50 This scrutiny panel may be hearing more negative than positive evidence but in the main, schools are doing pretty well, though there are areas for improvement. Even if the school gets it right in 99 cases out of 100, it's the one case they don't get right that people will hear about and that gets remembered. 9.51 I believe a number of factors have influenced this change including high profile recognition that institutionalised bullying against identified groups (particularly disabled, gay and lesbian and non white) was endemic but unacceptable, the requirement to report incidents, acknowledgement that this was an issue common to all schools and the focus on reducing bullying in anti bullying week.
9.52 All the children and young people I spoke to know that bullying is repeated victimising or unkindness from one or more towards other individuals. They know that it means saying unkind things to or physically hurting someone and that it is not about swearing. They are very clear about what is considered to be unacceptable behaviour, that their school does not condone bullying or any unacceptable behaviour and on the whole say that their school handles both bullying and unacceptable behaviour well. Those young people who have been in one school for many years all say that the way their school manages behaviour has got better.
9.53 All the children and young people had learnt or been told about bullying at a number of occasions in school: PSHE lessons, assemblies, after incidents had been reported, during anti bullying weeks. Although some were not sure that they had ever had a formal lesson about bullying, staff are clear that there should be identified lessons within the PSHE curriculum and one of the schools has at least one PSHE lesson for every class every half term about bullying including cyber bullying.
9.54 They know that if they are being bullied or are aware of someone else being bullied they must tell an adult but say that some children and young people don’t tell because they are scared, some see reporting incidents as ‘grassing’ and some don’t have immediate access to a member of staff they feel they can trust. They all say that there is some inconsistency in the way incidents are dealt with. They recognise that some of their peers have been bullied and that bad memories about bullying last for a long time.
9.55 Quotes from pupils…‘I get loads of help from teachers if I’m stuck. I sometimes get bullied – more often in the past – and I’m not always powerful enough to deal with the bullies myself so I get help from the teachers.’ ‘Bullying is a really big issue. It’s happened a lot on the past, if I say I’m too busy and people want attention then they try and bully me and wind me up. I do get good support from teachers, but it doesn’t always work, and it hurts so much inside: it’s hard to deal with when you aren’t feeling 100 per cent.’
9.56 They were less clear about whether or not their schools have Anti Bullying and Behaviour Policies and even when they knew there is a Policy had little idea of what it said and what steps have been identified for dealing with bullying and unacceptable behaviours.
9.57 A number of staff are unaware of what their Anti Bullying and Behaviour Polices say and none of the schools have or were able to produce an Anti Bullying or Behaviour Policy that was written in collaboration with pupils and presented in pupil friendly language although I believe that other schools do have pupil versions of their Policies.
9.58 A number of the children and young people said that there didn’t always seem to be time for staff to sort out both bullying and single incidents of unacceptable behaviour and that sometimes only one perpetrator was punished. Staff accept that that may appear to be the case but gave some assurance that all parties involved were dealt with if at other times and places during the school day.
9.59 There is some confusion about whether or not bullying is treated the same way or differently from single incidents of unacceptable behaviour and say that sometimes repeated incidents of bad behaviour (not necessarily bullying) are not all tackled or not dealt with in a consistent manner. That some members of Staff are more rigorous than others. They all believe that sometimes their peers behave badly to show off.
9.60 Quotes from pupils….‘Teachers need to do more about bullying, they don’t always pay attention, they don’t always take action when we report bullying, if it’s not being addressed properly there’s not much point in reporting. There should be members of staff in all schools you could go to who you trust, like a counsellor who can give you advice.’
‘Teachers want to hurry young people up and don’t give them the time and space they need. If I’m upset and want to talk to my friends, teachers always have to come out of the classroom and see what’s going on.’
9.61 Some of the pupils and students have a clear understanding of the hierarchy of strategies their school uses to manage incidents of bullying and unacceptable behaviour, some are aware of a range of punishments that might be meted out and some think that the way incidents are dealt with is pretty random. They understand that some pupils and students need to be treated differently all the time and that there may be times when others need to be treated differently. They all think that when pupils or students need to be told off it should happen in a private place. (But they want to know that all parties involved have been ‘dealt with’!)
9.62 Some of the schools have opportunities for pupils and students to take themselves out of stressful situations or if they need calming down such as a quiet room or staying in at playtimes. They can self refer or be referred by staff.
9.63 For some there are issues about confidentiality and trust. They may not report incidents because they want confidences to be maintained and they have been broken in the past. Those who have had access to a counsellor or Family/Student liaison officer say that it is/was easier to talk to the counsellor or liaison officer than to teachers and some said that TA’s often had more time to listen.
9.64 RH Areas for Recommendations: 9.65 School Anti Bullying Policy should be integrated into the Behaviour Policy and pupil friendly versions should be produced in collaboration with pupils. Policies should clearly state the range of strategies the school will use to manage bullying or unacceptable behaviour either as a hierarchy or cluster. They should be regularly reviewed (minimum every 2 years) with pupils to monitor effectiveness. 9.66 Schools should make pupils and students aware of the boundaries of confidentiality in curriculum time and identify to pupils and students who they can talk to in (relative) confidence if they are worried about themselves or another pupil. Ideally an on site counsellor or student liaison officer who is easily accessible to pupils and students should be available in all schools.
9.67 Schools should use curriculum time to discuss reasons why some pupils and students are treated differently when they are involved in incidents, to explain the boundaries of confidentiality and the difference between ‘grassing’ and keeping their peers safe.
9.68 Schools should take the time to train staff and implement No Blame or Restorative Approaches both of which have been proven to give children and young people a clearer understanding of the effects of bullying, restore confidence and self esteem in both victims and perpetrators and considerably reduce incidents of bullying.
9.69 Schools could implement specific reward systems for good behaviour that identify any pupil or student who has made up for bad behaviour.
9.70 Schools could introduce an anonymous incident reporting box for pupils and students who don’t feel they can speak to members of staff
9.71 Answering questions: It’s usually a good idea for children and young people to speak about bullying incidents to their friends first, before talking to teachers.
9.72 It should be made easy to report incidents of bullying. Some schools have avirtual learning environment (VLE), that can be used for this and it can work well.
9.73 I recommend the ‘no blame’ and ‘restorative justice’ approaches. These should be used more. In one, the victim writes an account and expresses their feelings: the perpetrators/collaborators are presented with the account and asked ‘how would you feel’ and asked to make suggestions how to help. In the other, the victim and perpetrator meet each other. Perpetrators may need counselling to help understand why they are bullying and punishments may still be necessary if bullying continues.
9.74 Young people with disabilities do generally understand what is bullying behaviour; they have the same feelings about bullying and the reasons for their being bullied are similar to all children and young people. However they may need more frequent repetition and additional activities to help understand the effects that bullying can have.
9.75 Feedback to the child being bullied and their parent/carer is really important. Other people need to know what’s happened, too. But it is time-consuming to build trust. Schools are under pressure and this needs to happen outside of class time.
9.76 For especially serious cases, a readily available Student/Family Liaison Officer specialist would make a real difference. This would be someone not involved in the class, with a separate remit and a different relationship with the students. They would need to be someone with the experience to build trust with the pupils/students and their families, easily accessible (on site most of the school day and no long waiting lists to see them) and supportive and constructive in their approach to dealing with the behaviour issues rather than negative and condemning. Ideally they would have some experience with No Blame or Restorative Practices and be prepared to work with the Staff. Pupils could self refer initially during ‘open surgery’ sessions, through email or writing and the Liaison Officer could then assess the need for additional sessions. Staff referrals could be made with face to face contact at the time of incident reporting (or afterwards but fairly rapidly) and again through email but these would be more effective with a fairly rapid response. The Liaison Officer also needs to have an identified space in which to work within the school and all Staff need to understand what behaviours qualify for referral.
9.77 On the role of CAMHS in schools – that would be useful to help perpetrators and victims to manage their behaviour, but CAMHS is over-subscribed and it would be difficult for CAMHS to take a direct active role in schools in anti-bullying.
9.78 Re; any link between bullying and exclusions – Bullying may or may not form a part of ‘extreme behaviour,’ which is one reason cited for time-limited or permanent exclusions. I’m not sure that all children see exclusion as a punishment. Hopefully schools try to discover why a student’s behaviour has changed but this takes time and few members of staff can take time out of the classroom or have the time available to deal with changed or challenging behaviour in as in depth a manner as may be necessary.
9.79 I think that the repeated unacceptable behaviours that constitute bullying may often go unnoticed as they can be sly and apparently insignificant to anyone other than the victim – and the bully - unless the victim’s behaviour undergoes significant change. Unfortunately with adolescents, this is sometimes difficult to differentiate from ‘normal teenage’ behaviour which is why pupils and students need to be given the confidence and understanding of how to report bullying in a way that will not make them more vulnerable to the bullies. This is not usually the case with other incidents of unacceptable behaviour which are often quite blatant.
9.80 The Chair Councillor Ruth Buckley thanked the speaker on behalf of the Panel for sharing her valuable long-standing experience.
Youth Councils
9.81 Sam Watling Youth Council Panel Co-optee (SW) and Youth Participation Worker Paul Belluscio (PB) described the key themes emerging from the Information-gathering Day held by the four Youth Councils on 31 May 2013.
9.82 A written summary of the session was circulated (below).
9.83 Speaking on behalf of the 4 Youth Councils (The Youth Council, The Children in Care Council, The Younger Children in Care Council, The Disabled Young Peoples Council) SW said that even though things like perceived differences or weaknesses, can make someone more likely to become a victim of bullying, it can happen to anyone. Anything, like having a tatty pencil case, is enough.
9.84 Bullying is more likely where there is a low teacher/student ratio. It happens in the playground and during ‘wet break’ as well as in the classrooms, corridors and PE changing rooms.
9.85 Sometimes people react to a bully because they are provoked into acting in self-defence. Teachers need to check on behaviours after an incident. Teachers do not always follow up thoroughly enough to find out what happened. Unless incidents are dealt with effectively, they can easily flare up again.
9.86 Some schools run an anti-bullying campaign. An anti-bullying culture needs embedding over a long period - it’s for a lifetime, not just for a week. Anti- bullying work needs to be based around the whole school culture. Incidents should not be seen in isolation – they are about the victim, the bully, bystanders, teachers, other staff and senior staff too.
9.87 PB added that the Youth Councils reported as much bullying in class as elsewhere. Youth Councils’ view was that a response to bullying when the teacher is present depends more than anything else, on the teacher as an individual. He said they brought out their view that there needs to be clear anti-bullying processes in place that are known about and understood by young people; that meant written in a way that young people understand.
9.88 SW pointed out that bullies don’t always want to bully. He felt that restorative justice approach works well. Victims needed constructive support over a period of time. He asked about the role of CAMHS in this.
9.89 Active bullying was easier to spot than passive bullying, such as passing notes or hiding possessions, but it had a similar effect on the way the victim feels. ‘Just because a teacher cannot see bullying doesn’t mean that it’s not happening,’ he said.
9.90 A recording of the 31 May Youth Councils’ group discussion was shown and SW gave a summary of the main points:
9.91 Good practice examples were;
--Drop-in counselling in schools --Anonymous ‘bully box’ ... view the full minutes text for item 9. |
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Introduction to AHA SEN support group
Paper submitted by the Carers Centre, to note. Additional documents: Minutes: 10.1 Members noted the information provided by the Carers’ Centre. |
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Date of the next meeting to be agreed Minutes: 11.1 A new date for the final Panel meeting would be arranged (Later agreed – Wednesday 4th September at 4pm in Hove Town Hall) |
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Emerging Themes Minutes: 12.1 Key themes would be discussed at the next meeting. |